Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, G: Bio-Tech & Genetics, Volume 22 Issue 2

d) Medical Uses Warfarin is used to treat the tendency of thrombosis or as secondary precaution, preventing further episodes in those individuals who have already formed a blood clot, thrombus; warfarin treatment can be used to prevent other formation of blood clots from reducing the risk of an embolism which defined as the migration of blood clot to block the blood supply of a vital organ (5). Warfarin is best suited as an anticoagulant to inhibit clot formation in areas of slow running blood, such as the veins and pooled blood behind artificial and natural valves and in the pooled blood in dysfunctional heart atria parts. Thus, common clinical indications for warfarin use are atrial fibrillation, the presence of artificial heart valves, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, where the embolized clots form in the veins. Warfarin is used also as an antiphospholipid syndrome. It has been used occasionally after heart attacks or myocardial infarction, but it is less effective in treating new thrombus in coronary arteries. Figure 5: Warfarin and vitamin K mechanism of action showing antagonism of vitamin K synthesis in the liver of non- functional coagulation factors in the presence of vitamin K epoxide reductase Prevention of clotting in arteries is usually undertaken using antiplatelet drugs, which work by a different mechanism from warfarin which does not affect the platelet function. It can be used to treat people from strokes result from a trial fibrillation, although direct anticoagulants which are taken orally may offer more significant benefits. The maintenance dose of warfarin can be fluctuated according to the levels for vitamin K1in the diet. Keeping vitamin K1 intake at stable levels can reduce this fluctuation. Green leafy vegetables can be a good source for vitamin K1. Green parts of members of the family a piaceae such as parsley, cilantro and dill are rich sources of high levels of vitamin K1; cruciferous vegetables as cabbage and broccoli as well as lettuces dark green parts also participate in obtaining vitamin K. Green vegetables such as green bean don't have the same amounts of vitamin K1 like green leafy vegetables. Specific vegetable oils have certain parts of vitamin K1. Foods low in vitamin K1 like roots, bulbs, tubers, and most fruit juices. Cereals, grains, and other milled products are also poor with vitamin K1 (6). Figure 6: Vitamin K1-warfarin interaction effect with an inverse proportion between warfarin intake and vitamin K1. When warfarin levels are increased, people have more subjected to bleeding. Conversely, lower levels of warfarin lead to high risk of clotting. There is a narrow range when the benefits of warfarin are more significant than the risks, its therapeutic window as well as there are some interactions between some foods and warfarin intake e) Self-testing Anticoagulation of warfarin can be measured at home. There is a narrow range when the benefits with warfarin are greater than the risks, its therapeutic window as well as there are some interactions between some foods and warfarin intake, currently available self- Modulation of Warfarin Sodium into Warfarin Potassium for Patients with Hypertension © 2022 Global Journals 1 Year 2022 4 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VII ( G )