Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, G: Bio-Tech & Genetics, Volume 22 Issue 2

b) Pharmacokinetics of warfarin potassium Warfarin potassium is given orally, not parenteral; it is highly bound to plasma protein by 99% and metabolized extensively by the liver microsomal enzymes, so possible drug-drug interactions should be considered. Half-life is 40 hours, and its duration of action is 2 to 5 days. It has an enterohepatic circulation, and its metabolites are excreted in urine and stool. IV. A dministration The usual dose is 5 mg daily for 2 to 4 days, followed by maintenance of 2 to 10 mg daily as indicated by the measurement of the INR, which value derived from the ratio between patients' prothrombin time (PT) to reference prothrombin time. Figure 15: The intensity of warfarin potassium versus the clinical events to measure the therapeutic window and international normalized ratio of both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic state a) Therapeutic uses 1. Prevention or prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism 2. Prevention of systemic embolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction The main side effects of warfarin potassium are bleeding, fetal malformation, and abortion if given during the pregnancy. So the antagonist of warfarin K overdose is vitamin K. b) Factors influence warfarin potassium activity and its interactions Warfarin interacts with many drugs because it is metabolized by the liver's microsomal enzymes; it can decrease the effectiveness of some drugs and increase the effectiveness of another The reduced activity and energy, it affects the followings: 1. Reduced absorption because of malabsorption syndrome or cholestyramine administration 2. Hypoproteinemia, as in nephrotic syndrome, due to its low half-life 3. Increased secondary metabolism due to liver microsomal enzyme induction drugs such as rifampicin, barbiturates, and carbamazepine 4. Ingestion of a large amount of food containing vitamin K or supplements 5. Abnormal vitamin K epoxide reductase due to mutation of VKORC1 gene The increased activity and effectiveness, it affects the followings: 1. Decreased metabolism by enzyme inhibitors like amiodarone, azole antifungals such as clotrimazole and fluconazole, isoniazid, and metronidazole 2. Displacement from protein binding by loop diuretics and valproic acid Modulation of Warfarin Sodium into Warfarin Potassium for Patients with Hypertension 1 Year 2022 1 © 2022 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VII ( G )