Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, G: Bio-Tech & Genetics, Volume 22 Issue 2

Table 1: Major genes involved in dormancy regulation in crops, their effect on dormancy and action pathways Gene Name Effect on dormancy Action Pathways/Signaling Network Reference ZEP Induce Regulates the first step of ABA biosynthesis (89) NCEDs Induce Regulate conversion of all-trans- violaxanthin to 9-cis-voilaxanthin or 9-cis-neoxanthin during biosythesis (42) ABIs Induce Regulate conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic acid aldehyde (88) AAO Induce Mediate conversion of abscisic acid aldehyde to abscisic acid (ABA) (91) AREB; PYR/PYL/RCAR; SnRK2; PP2C Induce Mediate the core ABA signaling networks (96-98) GGDP; CPS; KAO, KO; KSI Break Regulate different stages of GA biosynthesis (105, 111, 116) 2ODDS; GA20ox Break Mediate GA1/GA4 transformation to GA2o/GA9 (119) ARF10; ARF16 Induce Upregulate ABI3 transcription (122) PIF4 Induce Regulate the crosstalk between environmental signals and auxin signaling (137) RGL2/SPY Induce Repress GA activity by stimulating ABA biosynthesis (125) DOG1 Induce Mediate the crosstalk between ABA- GA by upregulating ABI5 transcription and repress GA biosynthesis (138) SPATULA Induce Inhibition of GA biosynthesis (139) MFT Induce Mediate the crosstalk between ABA and BR biosynthesis pathways (140, 141) BIN2 Break Negative regulation of BR signaling network (142) TaBSK2 Break Upregulate BR signaling networks (143) TaDET2, TaDWF4 Break Upregulate Brassinosteroids (BR) biosynthesis (144) SINL1, SINL2 Induce Regulate the expression of Histone proteins transcription factors (92, 145) ACO Break Ethylene biosynthesis (146) ETR1, EIN2 Break Ethylene biosynthesis (147, 148) WRKY41 Induce Upregulation of ABI3 transcription (104) MYB96 Induce Positive regulation of ABI4, NCED2 and NCED6 transcription (92) CYP707As Break Gibberellins’ biosynthesis and response to environmental signals (light and photoperiod during dormancy breaking (115) KYP/SUVH4 Break Repression of ABI3 transcription (53) LDL1,2 Break Downregulation of ABI2, ABI3 and ABI5 transcription (149) YUC Induce Auxin biosynthesis (41) SnRK1 Induce Sugar, auxins and ABA regulatory network (150) C/S1 bZIP Induce Low sugar responsive pathways (151) CYCD3 Break Regulate cell cycle (105, 152) In addition, IAA has been shown to be a target of two different histone acetyl transferases, specifically auxin influx carrier LIKE AUXI RESISTANT2 ( LAX2 ) and general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), which indicates that the Aux/IAA genes can also be regulated by epigenetic modifications, and epigenetic modifications also play important role in regulating the expression levels of Aux/IAA genes (154), for instance, the transcription factor; PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 ( PIF4 ) can promote the expression of IAA19 and IAA29 by directly binding to their promoters to repress the activity of ARF, thereby negatively regulating © 2022 Global Journals 1 Year 2022 62 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VII ( G ) Physiological and Molecular basis of Dormancy in Yam Tuber: A Way Forward towards Genetic Manipulation of Dormancy in Yam Tubers