Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 21 Issue 6

Water Quality Control of the Southern River Water in the Territory Town of Vranja Jelena Markovic Keywords: quality control, south morava, testing. Izvod- Reka Južna Morava je veoma važna za Grad Vranje zato što služi za navodnjavanje poljoprivrednih površina, pa je od velikog značaja njen kvalitet vode. Kontrolisanje kvaliteta vode u Južnoj Moravi radi se na mesečnom nivou hemijskim i fizičkim metodama. Kontolisanje se radi na dva merna mesta sa kojih se uzimaju uzorci, to su selo Mezgraje, kod Železničkog mosta, i mesto Mramora Novo Selo. Ispitivanja uzoraka vode iz reke Južne Morave obuhvatala su određivanje: opštih parametara, nutritijenata, salinitet, organske supstance i mikrobiološke parametre. Izmerene vrednosti ispitivanih fizičko -hemijskih parametara na lokaciji uzorkovanja u nivou sela Mezgraja, kod Železničkog mosta dominatno odgovoraju I klasi osim za BPK5 koji odgovara V klasi, HPK, koji odgovara IV klasi, TOC, fenolna jedinjenja i ukupan azot koji odgovaraju II klasi, nitriti, ortofosfati, amonijum jon, sadržaj bakra i gvožđa koji odgovaraju III klasi. Na istoj lokaciji izmerene vrednosti mikrobioloških parametara odgovaraju IV klasi. Južna morava sa fizičko-hemijsko apspekta ima mešovit odličan do loš ekološki status dok sa mikrobiološkog aspekta ima umeren ekološki status kod Mramora (Novo Selo) odnosno slab ekološki status u nivou sela Mezgraja, kod Železničkog mosta. Rezultati ispitivanja kontrole kvaliteta vode pokazuju da je voda siromašna nutrijentima, a da ima mikrobioloških parametara koji su prisutni u MPN/100 ml. Ključne reči: kontrola, kvalitet, južna morava, ispitivanje. I. I ntroduction outh Morava is a river in Serbia that is the shorter of the two rivers that make up the Big Morava, 295 km long and flows mainly south-north, from the Macedonian border to central Serbia, where it meets the West Morava near Stalac and creates the Great Morava Much of this river flows through Pcinja district nd is of great importance for agricultural land in the territory of the City of Vranje. Due to the great erosion in its basin, the South Morava is rich in huge amount of material deposited in the river bed. [14]Enough clean water with the conservation of aquatic life is the basis of human survival on Earth. Therefore, constant monitoring of water quality is one of the prerequisites for initiating adequate protection actions. All water protection measures can be divided into three groups: elimination of causes of pollution; reducing the amount of harmful substances; special water purification measures. Surface water pollution is a direct consequence of the following elements: insufficient coverage of the sewage system in the area of the City of Vranje, suburban settlements and in the territory of rural settlements, discharge of untreated municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater by concentrated and scattered pollutants, free flow of water through the terrain into ditches, water wells and their removal into technically and sanitary improperly constructed septic tanks. [2]Large surface water pollution occurs after the discharge of industrial wastewater containing high concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and other organic matter into the watercourses, leading to an immediate reduction of oxygen concentration in the water and the risk of aquatic organisms. A particular problem is the so-called wild landfills on the banks of the South Morava. [1]Such landfills are mostly stationed near rural settlements and their number is not negligible. In addition to wild landfills near South Morava, it is also common to dump solid waste and empty rural pits, which greatly affects water quality. Although garbage disposal sites are designated in some villages, locals still dump large amounts of waste into the river. Because of all this, it can be said that the environmental awareness of the locals is still at a very low level [15]. In S 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXI Issue VI Year 2021 8 ( H ) © 2021 Global Journals Version I Author: PhD, Academy of Technical Studies, Vranje, Republic of Serbia. e-mail: gogaijeka94@gmail.com Abstract- The South Morava River is very important for the City of Vranje because it serves for irrigation of agricultural land, so its water quality is of great importance. Water quality control in the South Morava is done on a monthly basis by chemical and physical methods. Controlling is done at two measuring points from which the samples are taken, namely the village of Mezgraje, near the Railway Bridge, and the site of Marble Novo Selo. Tests of water samples from the South Morava River included determination of: general parameters, nutrients, salinity, organic substances and microbiological parameters. Measured values of the investigated physicochemical parameters at the sampling location at Mezgraja village level, with the Railway Bridge, dominantly correspond to class I except for BOD5 corresponding to class V, HPC corresponding to class IV, TOC, phenolic compounds and total nitrogen corresponding to class II, nitrites, ortho- phosphates, ammonium ion, Class III copper and iron content. At the same location, the measured values of microbiological parameters correspond to Class IV. The South Morava from the physico-chemical aspect has a mixed excellent to poor ecological status, while from a microbiological point of view it has a moderate ecological status at Mramor (Novo Selo) or poor ecological status at the level of the village of Mezgraja, at the Railway Bridge. The results of the water quality control tests show that the water is nutrient-poor and has microbiological parameters present in MPN / 100 ml.