Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 21 Issue 6

Cooking is the simplest method to disinfect small amounts of water. It is enough for the water to boil for 10 to 60 minutes. The disadvantage of this method is that when it is boiled, water loses oxygen, bicarbonates precipitate and water changes flavor - it becomes vomit. UV Disinfection - UV rays from 215 to 280 nm in wavelength are very effective in destroying pathogenic bacteria and their sporogenic forms. For successful disinfection in this way, the water must be clear, in a thin layer (up to 10 cm) and at a maximum distance of 20 cm from the UV lamp. This process is used in mineral water production. Ozone disinfection is based on its strong oxidizing properties. Due to the way ozone is produced (air leakage through the high voltage field), this process is very expensive. The effect of ozone disinfection is very good - it oxidizes organic matter, iron, manganese phenols, etc. Its disadvantage is that it has no residual effect. Chlorine Water Disinfection - In order to successfully monitor the effect of chlorine in the process of disinfection of drinking water and swimming pools, it is necessary to know its physical and chemical properties as well as its pathophysiological and microbiological action Mechanical procedures are used for the disinfection of small amounts of water and in cases where the addition of chlorine or other disinfectants is not possible (mineral waters which retain the original composition). Under normal conditions chlorine is a yellowish- greenish gas. One liter weighs 3,220 grams. Its critical temperature is 144 degrees. Below this temperature chlorine can go into a liquid state at a pressure of 4 at. at 0 degrees, and at 6 at. at 20 degrees. The boiling point is 34 degrees and the specific gravity is 1.45. The solubility of chlorine at 20 degrees is 7.4 grams, at 0 degrees 14.0 grams, at 10 degrees 9.5 grams and at 40 degrees 4.5 grams. Chlorine is a very reactive element and its reactivity is particularly high in the presence of water. When added to water, it first binds to organic matter and is consumed by the oxidation of iron and manganese. Residual chlorine forms residual chlorine in water. The amount of chlorine required to oxidize organic matter in water is called water requirement for chlorine or chlorine number. After a contact time of 30 minutes, residual chlorine is determined and the amount of chlorine met by the water requirements for chlorine. and types of microorganisms). The most important methods are: normal chlorination, pre-chlorination, fractional chlorination, hyperchlorination, chlorination at the breaking point, chlorination. Normal chlorination is applied to clean, pre- treated (precipitation, filtration, etc.) waters. Most often it is done with an amount of 1 mg / l chlorine. Pre- chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to the water before the required treatment (precipitation, coagulation, filtration). This, by oxidizing organic matter and destroying microorganisms and algae, prepares the water for further treatment. This eliminates the unpleasant odor and taste from drinking water. Fractional chlorination (double chlorination) is the addition of chlorine before and after filtration. Chlorination is a method of disinfecting water with chloramines that have a good effect but due to the slow action, a longer contact time is required. This method is used to disinfect the water that is stored and stored for long periods in large tanks. Chlorinators and hypochlorinators are used for the permanent chlorination of drinking water.[4] III. R esult Water quality testing of the South Morava River is carried out on several profiles, of which Ristovac and Vladicin Han are located in the territory of the Pcinja District. During sampling on the Ristovac profile, the change of organoleptic properties of water was occasionally noted, that is, the water had a slightly noticeable color. The values of dissolved oxygen and the percentage of water saturation with oxygen O 2 occasionally in the Ristovac profile corresponded to the III class of water quality (deficit-supersaturation). For the water qualitz of the Ristovac profile it can be said that the climate conditions are not so good, because the relief and geographical location depend on the slope of the inlet of industrial waters that will enter the river and affect its pollution. [11] In mz work, Mcintzre attaches great importance to linking river and river pollution with climatic conditions. By monitoring the quality of surface water for 2017/2018, a sample of water from the South Morava River flowing in the territory of the City of Vranje was sampled in two places: at the level of the village of Mezgraja, at the Railway Bridge, near Mramor (Novo Selo). The measurement results are presented in tables in Tables 1. Water Quality Control of the Southern River Water in the Territory Town of Vranja 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXI Issue VI Year 2021 83 ( H ) © 2021 Global Journals Version I application of halogen elements (chlorine and chlorine preparations and iodine). Hyperchlorination is carried out in highly polluted waters which cannot be disinfected by any other method. 2 to 5 mg / l of chlorine or more is added and contact time is extended (longer than one hour).[4]