Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 21 Issue 6

National Academy of Scie nces (N AS, 1982) in his s tudy, sug gested that Solar induced changes in the stratosphere could have a variety of indirect influences on the troposphere and climate. Investigations with general circulation models (Kodera, 1991; Rind & Balchandran, 1995) suggest that variations in solar ultraviolet energy input modify the ozone and temperature structure of the stratosphere, affecting the latitude temperature gradient. The latitude temperature gradient, modifies stratospheric wind speeds and the ability of long wave energy to propagate out of the troposphere. Altered tropospheric stability affects various tropospheric dynamic processes, including the Hadley cell intensity at low and subtropical latitudes and low-pressure systems in the extratropics. (NRC, 1994). Climate variability is amongst the major phenomenon occurring worldwide which has caused major changes in climate variables such as precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation (Haskett et al., 2000; Bates et al., 2008; Yu et al., 2013). Because of these alterations, there is a consistent warming trend, clearly reflected by the increasing occurrence of extreme climate events like droughts, floods, and heatwaves (Meehl et al., 2007). Natural disasters worldwide are result from extreme events rather than just a variation of the mean climate (Plummer et al., 1999). Many studies have been documented worldwide on extreme climatic events (Easterling et al. 1997; Gaffen and Ross 1998; Karl and Easterling 1999; Easterling et al. 2000; Frichet al. 2002; Zhai and Pan 2003; Aguilar et al. 2005; Alexander et al. 2006; Qian and Qin 2006; New et al. 2006; Klein Tank et al. 2006; Bartolini et al. 2008; Wei and Chen 2009; You et al. 2008, Pandey at el, 2016). They analyze variation in temp & precipitation patterns during extreme weather conditions & the impact of climate change on it. Frichet al. (2002) and Alexander et al. (2006) analyzed the global changes in daily climate extremes and concluded that there has been significant warming throughout the 20th century. Most of the temperature trend studies in India have focused on the analysis of mean maximum and minimum temperatures along with extreme weather conditions and concluded that increasing trends in both maximum and minimum temperatures over India (Hingane et al. 1985; Srivastava et al. 1992; Rupa Kumar et al. 1994; Arora et al. 2005; Kothawale and Rupa Kumar 2005; Dash et al. 2007; Pal and Al-Tabbaa 2010). Some of the studies have investigated extreme maximum temperature, and case studies of heat wave spell over some regions as well as over the entire country (Natarajan 1964; Raghavan 1966; Subbaramayya and Surya Rao 1976; Chaudhury et al. 2000; De 2001; Pai et al. 2004, 2013; De et al. 2005; Ray et al. 2013, Jaiswal A K, et at. 2015, Pandey et al 2015a). Singh, A et.al. , 2000 had observed that the frequency of Tropical cyclones in the north Indian ocean has significantly increasing trends during November & May, which account for the maximum number of intense cyclones. Ugnar (1999) has shown that losses due to extreme events are increasing steeply especially in the last decade of the 20 th century. On a global scale, the Indian summer monsoon is considered as a part of the warm season northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the eastern Northern Hemisphere (Chao and Chen, 2001; Gadgil, 2003; Fleitmann et al., 2007) and is key circulation component that transports heat/energy from the t ropical and s ubtropical re gions t o the high ‐ latitude and polar region (Trenberth and Stepaniak 2003; Hazeleger, 2005). Among the studies that examined multidecadal variations in Indian monsoon , som e have inv estigate d and suggested the multidecadal variation in the solar irradiance as a possible cause (Mehta and Lau, 1997; Neff et al., 2001; Agnihotri et al., 2002; Burns et al., 2002; Fleitmann et al., 2003, 2004; K odera, 2004; Bh attacha ryya and Narasi mha, 20 05; Berkelham mer et al., 2010, Pandey et al., 201 4; Pandey V. K.& Mis hra Aja i 2015 b, 2015 c). These studi es sho w that the solar irr adiance and monsoon intensity variations have been comparable in phase at decadal ‐ centennial timescales. Positive anomaly in solar irradiance corresponds to heavy monsoon rainfall. However, as also indicated by Neff et al. (2001), Burns et al. (2002), and Kodera (2004), a direct effect of changing solar irradiance on the monsoo n is un likely, and irra diance a nomaly has to go thro ugh the lower boundary of the atmosphere, e.g., via the surface, including sea surface temperature anomalies, to influence the monsoon (Wu Qianru and Hu Qi 2014). II. O bjective and M ethodology Considering the above natural phenomena, it seems that solar variation and atmospheric disparities affect the extreme weather condition, and considering this point, proposed to find out the role of solar activity and atmospheric variation in extreme weather conditions in the Western India subcontinent. Every year it is noticed that weather pattern has been shifted. The time duration of the winter season is less and extremes for few days, summer break the previous years in its temperature record. It is also observed that low rainfall areas face the floods, while others are facing droughts like the Gangetic plan and another part of India. The Intensity and frequency of hydro-meteorological disasters have been increased and varied that affecting the socio-ecological losses. The Role of solar activities and atmospheric variations has been observed and analyzed by the study the last 30 the years’ solar variation data, atmospheric © 2021 Global Journals 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXI Issue VI Year 2021 10 ( H ) Version I Role of Solar & Atmospheric Disparity on Climate of Western India, Kota, Rajasthan, India pressure data, and study the past 42 the years wind patter, precipitation pattern, and daily average temperature.