Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 1

Name of Community Total Household Sample size Jilma No.1 26 11 Jibilajo No.2 53 22 Nkwanta 18 7 Kpumale 35 15 Wasambo – B 27 11 Macheliyili 43 18 Kubagmado 12 5 Frigmado 22 9 Tuya 21 9 Namoni 18 7 Binagmando 24 10 Motondo 23 10 Sobitido 35 15 Nayinkundo 18 7 Kuboni 39 16 Bungbali 33 14 Yawondo 30 12 Bichado 28 12 Chirizang 19 8 zanduli 18 7 Total 542 225 Source: Field survey, 2020 Table 1: Sampling Size in various communities Finally, the survey questionnaire was tested and mistakes corrected in other communities of the Mion District which were not part of the study communities. e) Sampling Procedures For the survey, the target population was made up of households in Mion District. As Curtis (1998) suggests, it is necessary in hygiene studies to focus on households because this is the level at which internal and external processes come together to produce health. In this regard, the concept of household was used as defined in the 2010 Population and Housing Census. For this census, a household was defined as a person or group of persons who live together in the same dwelling, share the same house-keeping arrangements and are catered for as a unit (GSS, 2012). By this definition, family members may not necessarily be household members based on their living arrangements. In the same vein, not everyone who lives in the same house can be defined as constituting a household. Further, length of time of stay of members was considered as some may just be visitors to the house and may not necessarily be permanent members of the household. Therefore, the study, focused on people who live in the same house and eat from the same pot and have access to the same facilities in the house at least six months before the study. A complete sampling frame obtained from the District Assembly was used to select households to be included in the study. From this list of 542 households obtained from the district assembly, 225 households were chosen using the simple random sampling technique. Numbers were assigned to each household in the list and using the lottery method the numbers were picked till the sample size was obtained. The simple random technique ensured that every unit in the population had an equal chance of being picked for the study. It also provided a sample of people who live in the same community but occupy different types of houses and use different types of toilet facilities. This survey targeted household heads but in their absence any adult (18 years and above) who was found within the household was interviewed. For the selected staff of the NGOs, and the District Assembly purposive sampling was used because of their in-depth knowledge with regards to the subject matter at hand. f) Pre-data collection procedures Community entry can be very difficult without the use of social connections; therefore, it was necessary to contact as many relevant people as possible. This was also necessary not only to gain access to the community, but to erase as much as possible suspicion in the minds of the people. It also fostered a better understanding of the ways in which issues are handled, especially those pertaining to the study. The community entry was facilitated by the District Environmental Health Officer (DEHO) of the Mion District Assembly. The DEHO often conducts monitoring and supervision of his staff in the communities so he is popular among the people. This goodwill was further enhanced when natives who are part of the implementation (Natural leaders) in each of the 1 Year 2022 3 © 2022 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VI ( H ) communities were made translators for the study; community entry process was made fairly easy. Assessing the Determinants of Open Defecation Free Communities b ased on the Socio-Demographic and Economic Status of Household Heads in the Mion District of Northern Region, Ghana