Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 1

Table 3: Pearson Chi-square between household size and open defecation free communities Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 224.610 a 65 .000 Likelihood Ratio 230.239 65 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association .466 1 .495 N of Valid Cases 225 The findings agreed with Osumanu et al., (2016) that household size was a determinant of open defecation in the Wa Municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana. This is because when the household size is large, not all household members will have the patience to wait especially during the early hours of the day when they have to free themselves and get to work. Again large household size put pressure on the household toilets leading to a reduction in their life span. Next, the study investigated the relationship between the ages of respondents and the communities of residents. Respondents who were less than 26-years were most likely to be found in Wasambo with 26.5% while those between 26 and 30 were found at Binagmando with 29.7% (Appendix II). Respondents who were between 31- 35 years and 36-40 years were mostly found at Namoni with 38.5% and 42.9% respectively. The ages of those with 41-45 years were mostly found at Nayinku with 38.9% and those within 46-50 years were mostly found at Bungbali with 37.5%. Respondents aged between51-55 years were largely found at Kubbagmado with 29.4%. Respondents aged between 55 and 60-yeas were mostly found at Nayinku with21.4% and those above 60 were largely found at Motondo with 25.0%. The variation in the percentages shows that there was a relationship between the ages of respondents and the communities they reside. The Chi-square analysis suggest that there was a strong relationship between the ages of respondents and the communities they reside at a Pearson Chi-square of p=0.00 (Table 4). Table 4: Pearson Chi-square between ages of respondents and open defecation free indicators in communities Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .000 .000 .841 a. 125 cells (99.2%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .31. The findings indicate that age was a determinant of open defecation in the Mion District. This is because household heads that are old are not financially sound to construct household toilets. Furthermore, the study investigated the relationship between sex and the communities of residents. The percentages for male and female were the highest at Motondo with 14.7% and 14.5% respectively (Appendix III). However, a Pearson Chi- square of p>0.00 (Table 5) shows that, there was no relationship between sex and open defecation free communities. Table 5: Pearson Chi-square between sex of respondents and open defecation free indicators in communities Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .996 .996 .645 The findings suggest that open defecation is not gender base. Both male and female engage in open defecation. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between religion and open defecation free communitie. Majority of the respondents were Muslims (30.0%) at Jibilago and majority of Christians (23.1%) at Motondo. (Appendix IV) The percentage of Traditional believers at Jibilago was similar to those at Motondo with12.8%. The differences in percentage of the religious beliefs of the residents in the communities show that there was a relationship between religion and the study communities. The study demonstrated that there was a relationship between religion and the communities of residents with a Pearson Chi-square of p=0.0 (Table 6). 1 Year 2022 39 © 2022 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VI ( H ) Value df Pearson Chi-Square 3.352 a 13 Likelihood Ratio 3.455 13 Linear-by-Linear Association .212 1 N of Valid Cases 225 Value df Pearson Chi-Square 385.739 a 104 Likelihood Ratio 372.038 104 Linear-by-Linear Association .040 1 N of Valid Cases 225 Assessing the Determinants of Open Defecation Free Communities b ased on the Socio-Demographic and Economic Status of Household Heads in the Mion District of Northern Region, Ghana a. 72 cells (85.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .07. a. 13 cells (46.4%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.22.