Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 1

Table 6: Pearson Chi-square between religion of respondents and open defecation free indicators in communities Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 77.687 a 26 .000 Likelihood Ratio 87.663 26 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 12.106 1 .001 N of Valid Cases 225 The study suggests that open defecation and religion are highly related. This finding agreed with Osumanu et al., (2016) that religion and belief systems determine open defecation. For example, among Moslems male and female do not share a common toilet. This means every household must have a minimum of two toilets in a Muslim community. The study showed that 94.5% of the respondents were engaged in farming. Other sectors of the economy of Mion District were the service and the sales sector. There was no relationship between the occupation of respondents and their community of residents as far as sanitation was concerned (Appendix V). The Pearson Chi-sqaure results indicated a probability p>0.05 (Table 7) and so the null hypothesis that there was no relationship between the occupation of respondents and the community they reside was accepted. The result suggested that sanitation related activity is not based on one’s occupation. Table 7: Pearson Chi-square between occupation of respondents and open defecation free communities Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 17.597 a 26 .890 Likelihood Ratio 14.165 26 .971 Linear-by-Linear Association 1.475 1 .225 N of Valid Cases 225 Open defecation is not a determinant on the type or form of livelihood or occupation. However, Osumanu et al., (2016) have observed thatthose who are employed are able to mobilize money to construct household toilets.Osumanu and Kosoe (2013) argued that financial constraints present inhibits house owners from the provision of household toilets, and fees charged by public toilet operators. Furthermore the study looked at the presence of water for washing hands at the household toilets. Most people (13.8%) at Motondo and Jibilago had water for washing their hands. Also 16.2% of the residents of Motondo had no water for hand washing at their toilets. The differences in percentages show that there was a relationship between water presence at household toilets and the communities (Appendix IX). The Pearson Chi-square shows a p<0.05 (Table 11) and indicate a relationship. Table 11: Pearson Chi-square between water presence at latrines and open defecation free communities Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 26.010 a 13 .017 Likelihood Ratio 28.723 13 .007 Linear-by-Linear Association .393 1 .531 N of Valid Cases 225 The result is in sync with Osuman et al., (2016) that toilet ownership and the presence of water at the toilets were a determinant of open defecation. Toilets which have water provide opportunity for users to wash their hands after defecation. Water presence at toilet facilities is therefore a motivation for people to use the toilets. In addition Jibilago and Motondo both had the highest percentage (12.3%) of toilets with soap and Motondo had most (19.7%) of household toilets without soap. The cross tabulation showed there was a relationship (Appendix X). However, The Pearson Chi- square indicates p=0.052 (Table 12) and hence there was no relationship between household toilets with soap and the communities of residents. © 2022 Global Journals 1 Year 2022 40 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VI ( H ) Assessing the Determinants of Open Defecation Free Communities b ased on the Socio-Demographic and Economic Status of Household Heads in the Mion District of Northern Region, Ghana a. 21 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .89. a. 29 cells (69.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .04. a. 7 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.78.