Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 1

Energetic Potential of the Biogas from Urban Solid Waste Generated in the Jacareí Municipal Landfill, Brazil Francielle da Silva Leandro α & Rosana Teixeira Miranda σ The use of biogas from solid waste is a way to produce renewable and clean electric energy and presents itself as an alternative to make up the country's energy matrix as well as a solution to the serious problem faced by municipalities that is the accumulation of waste. In this article it was evaluated the potential of the biogas from the landfill of the municipality of Jacarei which has an estimated population of 277,800 inhabitants and a daily waste volume of around 140 ton/day. From the estimated volume of biogas produced in the landfill, about 11.43 million m 3 /year at maximum production, the annual electricity generation value was 3.81 GWh. However, based on the scenarios and assumptions adopted, a possible project implementation would not be economically viable. The study reinforces that a minimum amount of waste is needed to enable this alternative as energy production purpose, but encourages other assessments within existing conversion technologies as well as signaling the need for incentives and policies that make such projects viable. The positive result of the study is achieved when the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) avoided is analyzed, since methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) are gases that most contributes to the GHG effect. Keywords: waste to energy (WtE), global warming, clean development mechanism (CDM), power generation. I. I ntroduction he production of solid waste has become a serious problem for public administrations. The lack of planning and housing policies contributes to the disorderly occupation of cities and to the emergence of inappropriate waste disposal sites and the appearance of dumps. In Brazil, the National Solid Waste Policy (Federal Law 12305/2010) [1], was processed for more than 20 years in Congress before its approval and use in 2014. In accord to this policy, solid waste must be treated in landfills. Several available technologies around the world permit recovering energy from solid waste. Brazil has great potential for using solid waste as an energy source, even on a small scale would support in the long term a strategy of expanding the country's supply of electricity or biofuel. There is a worl concern with reducing the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gas (GHG) that encourages the public sector to establish laws and investment in renewable energy. The objective of the present study is to quantify the potential of the methane gas in generating electricity. The study will consider the biogas from the solid waste disposed in landfill located in the muncipality of Jacareí-SP, analying the economic feasibility of implementing a biogas plant considering the revenues obtained from the commercialization of the generated energy. As a secondary objective, the avoided GHG emissions will be calculated from possible scenarios for the disposal of solid waste. a) Solid waste situation in Brazil Currently, Brazil has a Federal Law 12305/2010 [1] that establishes guidelines for the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). Until the establishment of the PNRS, other laws dealt with this matter. However the PNRS came to regulate the final destination of the solid waste, which including urban waste, acting as a regulatory framework that brings together instruments and guidelines that the agents involved must follow. In general, waste is considered any material that, after its use, has lost its primary functionality. According to the Brazilian Standard NBR 10004 [2], it is also considered as municipal solid waste (MSW) the sludge residues from the sewage treatment plant (ETE), those generated in equipment and installations to control pollution and liquids, which due to some particularity, they cannot be released into public sewers or water bodies. According to Federal Law 12305/2010 art. 13[1] the solid waste can be origined for: • Urban solid waste, those originating from domestic activities in urban homes and those originating from sweeping, street and public roads cleaning and other urban cleaning services; • Commercial establishments and service providers activities; • Public basic sanitation services activities; • Industrial generated by transformation processes and activities; • Health services waste, those defined in accordance to regulations or norms established by supervisory bodies; • Civil construction waste, those generated in constructions, renovations, repairs and demolitions T 1 Year 2022 53 © 2022 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VI ( H ) Author α σ : Master in Energy Engineering, Federal University of Itajubá – UNIFEI. e-mail: rosana_miranda@hotmail.com Abstract-