Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 5

Table 1: Stages of the Historical Evolution of Scientific Thought Historical Phases of Scientific Thought Main Researchers Period Determinism (classical mechanics) Newton, Leibniz, Lagrange, Euler, Laplace. From 1687, the year of publication of Newton's Principia , to the first decades of the 19th century. Statistical Indeterminacy Clausius, Lord Kelvin and Boltzmann. In the second half of the 19th century. Quantum Indeterminacy Bohr, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Dirac, etc. From the first decades of the 20th century. Deterministic Chaos Poincaré. At the end of the 19th century. Lorenz, Smale, Yorke, Prigogine, etc. Last decades of the 20th century. Source: Adapted from Bertuglia and Vaio (2005). Regarding the uncertainties and risks due to the technological race, Kahn (2007) analyzes the possibility of using weapons of mass destruction (from history, in terms of their use); and evaluates defense weapons systems “in terms of the worst they can do,” envisioning “ingenious and specially designed unconventional means (such as suicide ships or submarines carrying super-large bombs to explode on our shores, causing tidal waves or extreme precipitation)” (KAHN, 2007). It turns out that, for the present days, the question of the use of technology as a threat is no longer “a glimpse” – Nichols et al . (2022) warn about the risk regarding the suitability of emerging disruptive technology as “weapons of mass destruction” (drones or robots), concerned about the future use of these cheap devices and their availability to malevolent actors. Based on the most recent geopolitical conflicts and informations, Nichols et al . (2022) note the trend to employ autonomous air and sea vehicles (or systems) in the military operations of the future as having a massive impact in conflict, particularly, if abjectly used (chemical, biological, nuclear, radiological, electromagnetic, and explosive weapons – CBNRECy) (NICHOLS et al . 2022). It is about a “new technological era” where emerging disruptive technology (robotics by artificial intelligence) will transform the war aspects, adding complexity to the conflict. Mainly, autonomous technology (underwater, in focus) raises concern because of a differential feature – occultation in the “blue planet” (hidden in an environment that is fundamental to the regulation of climatic conditions and to life itself) (LIANG and XIANGSUI, 1999; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000a; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000b; SKINNER and MURCK, 2011; BEYERCHEN, 2007; MOURA, 2012: SPARROW and LUCAS, 2016; BAYLIS et al . 2018; PIOTROWSKI, 2018; FERREIRA, 2021a; FERREIRA, 201b; NICHOLS, et al . 2022; FERREIRA, 2022). "Unfortunately, the dark side of human imagination and ingenuity cannot be ignored because, in the wrong hands, it can kill millions at the push of a button." (SLOFER, 2022) – of people... or, of (living) beings, apart from the “non-living” affected (and beyond): a threat to the (Earth) system (CAPRA, 1982; CAPRA, 1983; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000a; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000b; SKINNER and MURCK, 2011; SLOFER, 2022; NICHOLS et al., 2022). III. P robability of C haos in G eophysical F luids (for M odels) “The management and regulation of ecosystems is a complicated matter” (STEWART, 1997) – According to Stewart (1997) in the distant past of the human race, the absence of pattern in the natural world was attributed to the whims of the powerful and incomprehensible deities that ruled it (STEWART, 1997). To deal with the complex phenomena of the 21st century (questions never before conceived concerning the physical world) the new scientific perspective is that of “non-linear science” (a metascience) through the recognition that in all of nature “the whole is greater than the sum of the parts” (SCOTT, 2007), “unexpected things happen” (SCOTT, 2007), and “minimal causes can explode into powerful effects” (SCOTT, 2007). Systems composed of numerous elements, among which there are reciprocal, nonlinear interactions, are called complex systems (BERTUGLIA and VAIO, 2005). The phenomenology of complexity is relevant due to the transversality of the aspects that appear in such systems, and that characterize their nature (BERTUGLIA and VAIO, 2005). Complexity and chaos are present in deterministic systems (deterministic because there is always a law that dictates their evolution) whose behavior is generally unpredictable, as it is extremely difficult (or impossible) to identify the effect of the various parameters of the system (considered individually, or in its entirety) (BERTUGLIA and VAIO, 2005). 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue V Year 2022 19 ( H ) Version I © 2022 Global Journals Autonomous Technology in Scenario by Rare Geophysical Processes (Underwater Focus)