Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 5

likely that within a century or so man will be able to avoid harm, and that calculations of accumulated harm 10 to 100 generations hence are likely to become irrelevant” (KAHN et al . 1976) – in a perspective of “progress” at any cost 1 Unfortunately, scientific knowledge, technological development, and innovations bring consequences: Longo (2007) highlights the “macro- social impacts caused by recent changes in the human environment,” which, being slow initially, were accelerated for human satisfaction; and, after the Second World War, they turned to the production of military advantages aimed at the development of . A contradiction, at least, about science itself and its understanding (KNELLER, 1978). Through a succession of movements, in the broad historical course of civilization, science (knowledge about nature that aims to fully explain its order, as well as all human activity to expand this knowledge) is a source of information indispensable to technology, according to Kneller (1978). However, being a human enterprise based on theories that accumulate in laws, it is fallible (KNELLER, 1978; FERREIRA, 2021a). Therefore, every, each statement or set of scientific reports can be revised or replaced in the light of new evidence and ideas, and so, science can criticize itself and transform itself into a rational validation acceptable to other scientists in a community. The evolution of research traditions, with the accumulation of laws, makes science grow and scientific imprecision decrease, “towards true progress”. However, if incommensurable theories exist, there is no way to know whether science advances towards the truth (KNELLER, 1978). Kneller (1978) considers that science is progressive (by using an increasing number of increasingly precise investigation techniques), but not continuously since incorrect hypotheses can sometimes be preferred to correct ones. The progression, therefore, takes place on different bases, as one theory can be refuted by another, more credible, or more significant. Also, science is cumulative (by adding new data to past findings rather than replacing them); but not always (KNELLER, 1978). political-economic power at a world level. Thus, science and technology became a central part of national policies and strategies in developed countries, with a new distribution of power. Sachs (2000) even takes a curious approach to the close relationship between “technological power” and national sovereignty. Longo (2007) argues that such scientific- technological performance has been reflected in an acceleration of social changes unprecedented in human history. Governments have not been able to carry out the proper monitoring and planning on the subject, generating, among many other social impacts, a “management gap,” capable of affecting the environment and people's health. Regarding the systemic environment, the inferences in Kahn et al . (1976) are obsolete, for example, by the association of “green plants” to the production of oxygen – about the ocean, there was no comment – however, there is active participation of the sea in this process (KNELLER, 1978; MONIN and OZMIDOV, 1985; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000a; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000b; BERTUGLIA and VAIO, 2005; SKINNER and MURCK, 2011). Kahn et al . (1976) also refute the idea of “environmental fragility” since “both the environment and most ecological systems must be resilient and largely self-correcting or self-healing” (KAHN et al . 1976), in the autors opinion. But about the particularities and the proportions of possible humans interferences in the earth system, there was no analysis (or measurement). Likewise, the action of unforeseen natural (geophysical) forces and processes was not envisaged (KAHN et al . 1976). Kahn et al . (1976) disregarded the occurrence of “random events” of any kind (even the possibility of such circumstances – “undocumented”) “because the underlying assumptions and conditions practically never happen” (KAHN et al . 1976). However, concerning the “fragile envelope of the earth” (KAHN et al . 1976), for example, the “ground” may, unexpectedly, evaporate (MUKHERJEE, 2006; IDRISS and BOULANGER, 2008; SKINNER and MURCK, 2011) (FIGURE 01): © 2022 Global Journals 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue V Year 2022 24 ( H ) Version I Autonomous Technology in Scenario by Rare Geophysical Processes (Underwater Focus) 1 By analogy, Kahn et al . (1976) relate “science” to magic – a supernatural gift obtained by an irreversible commitment (pact) to be obligatorily employed (at all costs) – A “Faustian bargain” (KAHN et al . 1976, p.164). It turns out that “magical action” (even if mystical) is deterministic – its effects are governed “because of the pact” “as law” and “exact and inviolable” (the cost for breaking the “law” would be “high”). According to scientific thought for the 21st century, science (which can be seen from a mystical perspective) has deterministic and also stochastic characteristics, explicitly “ assuming ‘without’ law behavior governed entirely by law” (STEWART, 1997). By the conception, one accepts at first, a “certain” uncertainty (about the Creator “of all scientific laws, etc.” modus operandi ); but without bargaining – and with “certain” clarity (through flashes of revelation - which help the perception) and exposition about possible consequences (at least, through inferences).