Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 5

V. F inal C onsiderations While the high seas are an ideal location for autonomous underwater vehicle operations, a suitable mathematical model is necessary for a high- performance technology. Specifically, the ability to precisely maneuver in ocean space is an essential quality for this category of “ robots” – the governance, controllability, and trajectory issues of such systems are complex (FOSSEN, 1994; GRIFFITHS, 2003; BREIVIK and FOSSEN, 2009; INZARTSEV, 2009; FOSSEN, 2011; FANELLI, 2020; YAN et al . 2021). Regarding the structure and dynamics of complex systems chaos theory can be applied to provide insights into nonlinear phenomena (including random aspects). In chaos theory, determinism and chance are like two sides of the same coin, and there is no cause and effect relationship between them (GLEICK, 1987; ÇAMBEL, 1993; WILLIAMS, 1997; SPROTT, 2000; BERTUGLIA and VAIO, 2005; BEYERCHEN, 2007; LASKEY and COSTA, 2009). When it comes to understanding the operational particularities of autonomous underwater technology, an essential and challenging facet to be considered (in addition to the desired results) concerns the marine environment – the ocean is limited in terms of observation and constantly changing (GILL, 1982; CHASSIGNET and VERRON, 1998; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000a; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000b; JUDD and HOVLAND, 2007; LOWRIE, 2007; INZARTSEV, 2009; BREIVIK and FOSSEN, 2009; SKINNER and MURCK, 2011; FOSSEN, 2011; ÖZSOY, 2020). Numerical modeling of oceanic processes (ocean dynamics) involves the water masses dense structure that make up ocean basins, the radiative fluxes at their surface, the forces imposed on the ocean surface by the overlying atmosphere (the stress of wind and flows buoyancy), the astronomical tidal forces, in addition to the consideration of sea ice , and topographic information – “mid-ocean ridges and other topographic features important to the circulation of the basin, must be essential included in resolutions of numerical models”. For reasons of efficiency and economy, most ocean circulation models can impose a limit on the depth of the model (a false bottom) (KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000a; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000b). The domain of geophysical processes is broad, reaching all the subsystems of the planet, due to the systemic interaction: the atmospheric boundary layer is connected to the earth's surface, but also to the ocean surface – and the oceanic boundary is "visibly" related to the atmospheric layer; however, it is also in connection with the ocean floor (in hidden) (GILL, 1982; CHASSIGNET and VERRON, 1998; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000a; KANTHA and CLAYSON, 2000b; JUDD and HOVLAND, 2007; SKINNER and MURCK, 2011; ÖZSOY, 2020). The scientific awareness is that dynamic geological processes drive the exchange of fluids (a wide range – of gases and liquids) at the “seafloor- seawater” interface. From coastal waters to deep ocean trenches, “it is remarkable how common is the flow of fluid on the seafloor” (JUDD and HOVLAND, 2007). “This interaction gives rise to flows that appear chaotic (turbulent) [...], and the resulting variability can be seen 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue V Year 2022 25 ( H ) Version I © 2022 Global Journals Autonomous Technology in Scenario by Rare Geophysical Processes (Underwater Focus) Source: National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering (University of California, Berkeley) apud Idriss and Boulanger (2008). Figure 1: Tilting of Apartment Buildings Caused by the 1964 Niigata Earthquake.