Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 5

Using Remote Sensing and GIS to Investigate the Effect of Urban Sprawl on Health Facilities in Egbeda Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Sharafdeen Bolaji Olatunji ɲ , Michael Ajide Oyinloye ʍ & Adebayo Gbenga Ojo ʌ Abstract- The rapid rate of urbanization witnessed in the last century has produced more sprawls in the major cities of the world, particularly in developing countries where thousands of rural people move into the major cities at large proportion. Urban sprawl affects the landscape, the ecology of an area, travel patterns, resource consumption, health facilities and water discharge The aim of this research is to use remote sensing and GIS to investigate the effect of urban sprawl on health facilities in Egbeda Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria with a view to determining how useful such information can be to planners, decision makers, health sector and private organization for effective urban management and sustainability. The research was conducted using remote sensing and Geographical information System at determining the spatial pattern and dynamics of the urban sprawl in Egbeda Local Government Area, Oyo State. The methods used includes: digitization, digital image processing and spatial analysis using an inverse distance weighted. (IDW) technique, Maximum likelihood supervised classification and post classification change detection techniques were applied to Landsat imageries acquired in 1984, 2006 and 2018. Geographical Positioning System (GPS) was used to identify the health institutions and obtain the coordinates of the location of each identified health facilities. These were loaded on the imagery of Egbeda Local Government Area that was digitized from the images using the software of ArcGIS 10.2 . Imageries were classified into built-up area, vegetation, bare surface, cultivation and water body. The results of the analysis obtained showed drastic change in built-up area which rose to 32.8% from 25.4% between 1984 and 2018 periods. To reduce the effect of urban sprawl on health facilities in the study areas, the government, stakeholders, policy makers and urban planner can make use of these techniques for effective city planning and sprawl control to attain and sustain future urban development. Keywords: landuse, land cover, urban management, remote sensing, GIS, satellite imageries. I. I ntroduction he rapid rate of the world’s urban population every year is increasing by about 70 million, an equivalence of seven megacities (Jimoh et al . 2013). These need to be housed, fed and employed based on the carrying capacity of such urban centers. The bulk of these is in developing countries and, as a result, presents a number of logistic challenges for urban planning. Every month, the global urban population grows by 5 million; every day more than 100,000 people move to slums in developing countries, that is one person every second (Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) 2015). Today, 54 per cent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 per cent by 2050. Projections show that urbanization combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by 2050, with close to 90 percent of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa, (UN DESA report, 2015). In the late 1950s, urbanized areas in USA have extended outside rapidly during the suburbanization process of residence, industry and commerce, which encroached large amount of farmland and forest, brought negative effects to environment and caused more traffic problems. This pattern of urban development out of control has been regarded as urban sprawl (Yang and Liu 2005). In Asia, despite its lower level of urbanization, it is home to 53 per cent of the world’s urban population, followed by Europe with 14 per cent and Latin America and the Caribbean with 13 per cent. The world’s urban population is expected to surpass six billion by 2045 (UN DESA report, 2015). African countries have higher rate of urbanization, but are less urbanized compared to countries in the developed world (Aluko and Amidu 2006). Research has also shown that 43 per cent of urban population of all developing regions lives in slums against only 6 per cent in developed regions (UN- HABITAT (2010). In Nigeria, 70% of the population resides in the rural areas and 30% in the urban areas (Kelly 2004). There is need for a very structured planning T 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue V Year 2022 3 ( H ) Version I © 2022 Global Journals Author α: Cooperative Information Network (COPINE), Advance Space Technology Application Laboratory (South West), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. e-mail: beejayolatunji.osb@gmail . com Author σ: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. e-mails: maoyinloye@futa.edu.ng , micnicjide@yahoo.com Author ρ: African Regional Center for Space ScienceI and Technology Education- (English), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. e-mail: ojobayous6@gmail . com