Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 22 Issue 5

© 2022 Global Journals 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue V Year 2022 32 ( H ) Version I Using Remote Sensing and GIS to Investigate the Effect of Urban Sprawl on Health Facilities in Egbeda Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria procedure such that the development activities and infrastructure facilities such as schools, police stations, roads, healthcare facilities etc. are available at both rural and urban areas so as not to causing shift in population from the rural to the urban areas. Urban sprawl is the less compact outgrowth of a core urban area exceeding the population growth rate and having a refusal character or impact on sustainability of environment and human (Basudeb Bhatta, 2010). Monitoring urban sprawl is a vital part of assessing current trends with a view of improving urban quality of life in the future as sprawl affects man and his environment adversely (Alexakis, Hadjimitsis, Agapiou, 2012). Atiqur(1999) studied the land use and land cover mapping in urban area using aerial photograph and satellite imageries of Jaipur (1983 and 1989), Coimbatore (1984), Ujjain (1985), Denhi (1987), Dehradun (1989), Banglore (1994) and Jammu (1995), on the basis of urban sprawl analysis of these cities they concluded that human settlements attend to expand in all directions of favorable conditions. Sulochana Shekhar (2005) studied changes space of pune – A GIS perspective with urban sprawl pattern and modelling using GIS on pune city according to her pattern of urban sprawl and analysis of spatial and temporal changes could be done cost efficiently and effectively using GIS and remote sensing data, they quantified the urban sprawl in terms of change in built up area. Aubrey Kanwendo (2008) studied the land cover and land use characteristics and change around Blantyre city in MALAWI and its surrounding rural area achieved by measuring the extent of urban sprawl in the city region over the period of 13 years (1989 - 2002). He found the built-up area increased rapidly from 5835 Hectares in 1989 to 15650 Hectares in 2002. Vemula et al , (2019) used Landsat MSS, SPOT and NISS 11 satellite data for mapping urban land use and urban sprawl of Hydrabad and Vishakhapattanam cities in Andhar Pradesh. Prasad et al (2020) worked on urban sprawl for Hydrabad city and its environments. They applied Shnnon’s entropy approach to measure the degree of spatial concentration of geographical variables to demonstrate the utility of entropy to identify measure and monitor spatio- temporal pattern of urban sprawl. The need to plan for growing population in term of healthcare facility’s provisions becomes imperative in the cities, especially in the area that constitutes the urban sprawl within the city Egbeda Local Government Area, Ibadan. This is because the major population of Ibadan city currently concentrates in urban sprawl region of the city. Going by the Population census reports (2017), the Local Government Area has a population of (457,149) Four hundred fifty seven thousand, one hundred and forty nine people as at 1952, in 1963, it was (621,582) Six hundred and twenty one thousand, five hundred and eight two, in 1991, the population was (1,807,412) One million eight hundred and seven thousand, four hundred and twelve. In 2006 the population was estimated to be (2,567,668) Two million, five hundred and sixty seven thousand, six hundred and sixty eight while in 2016, the population rose to (3,231,967) Three million, two hundred and thirty one thousand, nine hundred and sixty seven. The haphazard growth and development of our cities make the healthcare facilities’ planning a serious problem and therefore impact seriously the available healthcare facility within the city center. This study therefore underscores the need to evaluate the current situation of the healthcare facilities provision on the impact of urban sprawl on the available healthcare facilities. In investigating the level of provision of central facilities like healthcare, emphasis has shifted from mere provisions to the degree of accessibility of people to these facilities (Adewoyin 2018). According to Oyinloye (2015), health facility is one of the facilities that are mostly needed by everyone in the society. There had been many researches on Nigeria health challenges which include high child mortality rate, poor health delivery, poverty to pay for health services and lot more. Much work had been done on maternal and mortality rate, disease problems in Nigeria, and many other health related issues but nothing seems to have been done in the area of the accessibility of health facilities. This work aims to fill this gap, as it discusses the importance of accessibility to health facilities and its impact on urban sprawl. The objectives of this study include to: 1. Analyze the land use and land cover change of the study area at different times (1984, 2006 and 2018). 2. Apply location-based analysis to identify the existing health facility in Egbeda Local Government Area using satellite imagery. All cities in Nigeria are experiencing sprawl because of the scale and type of development around the cities which have affected most of agriculturally productive land. In the past decade, the city’s built up area burst outward in an explosion of sprawl that consumed former agricultural land at a break-neck pace (Brueckner and Urban2020). Hence there is a need to examine the nature and the pattern of sprawl in the study area, for proper decision making and thereby, to enhance sustainable development. One of the prerequisites for understanding urban sprawl is successful land use change detection (Jain, 2009). Urban sprawl as a type of urban growth varies in terms of the pattern, density, and rate at which built-up land develops. This is however dependent on the way in which development occurs (Allen & Lu, 2003). Sprawl often occurs faster than the development of the infrastructure (e.g. schools, roads, sewer systems, hospitals, Police Stations and water lines) needed for support (Pohanka, 2004).