Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 23 Issue 2

suspended solids, dissolved solids, and metal ion absorption(21-22). Figure 1: Numerous Prerequisites Accessible for Effluent Treatments Table 1: Different Types of Environmental Pollutants Pollutant type Contaminants name Reference POPs Pesticides, DDT, PCBs, nitrogen oxides, and ozone [23][24] PAHs Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, etc. [25][26] Antibiotics Trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole [27][28] Metal ions Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead. [29][30] Chlorinated disinfection by- products Haloacetic acids, trihalomethanes, ketones, hydroxyl, carboxylic acids, nitrosamines, oxoacids, and aldehydes. [30][31] Perfluorinated compounds Perfluorooctane sulphonate, Perfluorooctanoic acid. [32][33] II. C urrent S tatus of F ood P rocessing E ffluents in our E nvironment The rising recalcitrant to microbial degradation from food processing effluents (FPEs) in our environment is a source of worry. The data gotten from the web of science papers ′ reference register of ‘Science Direct’ and ‘SCOPUS’ by defining the keywords ‘effluents’ and ‘contaminants’ as a subject matter between the year 2004-2022 led to over 800 research articles on emerging pollutants. The large quantity of waste produced during food processing is rich in nutrients and this wastewater can also be recycled to produce value-added goods. These goods include ethanol, 1-butanol, methanol, propanol, and isobutanol which are gotten from food waste via the fermentation process (34). A greater volume of the waste is discarded into landfill after treatment to reduce toxicity (35). The transformation of food waste into organic fertilizer can mitigate its environment effect, enhance nutrient levels of the soil and decrease direct chemical fertilizer application. The microalgae extracted after food waste treatment can be useful in animal feed, biofuel feedstock, and fertilizers (36). Single-cell proteins like bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeast are bred and collected to realize the food provision for man and animals (37- 38). The gentle decrease in water quality in Nigeria is due to the disposal of food processing effluents into natural water bodies which are sometimes mixed with faecal material and micro-pollutants. III. F ood P rocessing E ffluents Liquid wastes from various food processing industries vary in concentration and quantity. The nature of effluent lies in the source and technology of any industry(39-40). It is a mixture of domestic and industrial materials coupled with synthetic items. Existing effluents contaminant includes; fats and oil, sugars, and amino acids (proteins). Amino acids and sugar constitute a crucial portion of organic matter in effluent from food processing industries(41-42). A remarkable quantity of some inorganic materials like potassium, calcium, magnesium, arsenic, sulfur, sodium, phosphorus, ammonium salt, and other heavy metals are mainly found in industrial effluents(43-44). Persistent organic pollutants (POP) from domestic and industrial impurities (mainly from the petroleum industry) are not left out(45- 47). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from POP are from the combustion of non-renewable fuels like petroleum, coal, household heating, biomass © 2023 Global Journals 1 Year 2023 30 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VII ( H ) An Overview on Engineering Bio-Treatment Methods for Effluent in Food Processing Industries