Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 23 Issue 2

factory wastewater attracts flies and perched in our food can cause dysentery in humans. Those emerging contaminant from the environment seems to be extremely difficult in the interim while trying to remove them. Wastewater from the fruit processing industry is highly polluted and cannot be discharged into the environment or reused without adequate treatment. The presence of COD and BOD needs an integrated chemical and biological treatment method in a bid to obtain the desired efficiency. Policymakers should also help ensure that good legislation on proper disposal of this effluent to avoid endangering the environment. d) Effluent from Brewery Industries Beer is made of four components viz; water, malted grains, hops, and yeast. Other flavours as cherries and citrus fruits can be added to it. A good production of water intake during the production of beer will end up as effluent and can be discharged through the sewer system or discharged into the water bodies(22). Stages in the brewing process of beer production (Fig. 3) and summarized in equation 1. The main components of the effluent which contribute to total suspended solids (TSS) comprise spent grain, yeast, and hops (77). Effluent fluids from this factory bear an average COD of 5340.97 mg/L with pH values ranging from 4.0 to 6.7 (78). The disposal of these wastes creates numerous problems for the environment. Discharging the effluent into the water bodies without proper treatment can cause problems for man and aquatic animals. Hence, one of the methods of reduction includes the utilization ofanimal feed, biogas production, and treatment of the effluent before disposal. C 6 H 12 O 6 → 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2 …………………………………………..…...(1) Figure 3: Brewing Process of Beer Production e) Effluent from Grain Mills Processing Industries This industry comprises grain processing in many product segments including cereal grain (corn, wheat, guinea corn, rice, etcetera), dried plantain and tubers chips, animal feed, breakfast cereal production, wheat starch and gluten production. There is no form of protection from this factory when humans are predisposed to health risks (Fig. 4). Soaked (moist) grains are also processed in this factory and have implications on the environment and public health. The milling factory for grains generates dust and fine particles that cause air pollution. The polluting process includes washing, spent lube oil from a garage which generates wastewater containing biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS)(79).Noise as pollution is also generated by this industry. Wastewater from grain is harmless and amenable to enzymatic and microbiological bioconversion(80). Most of the effluent is discharged into open water bodies and this can affect the water quality which in turn affects aquatic animals and humans when consumed(81). Discharge of polluted wastewater high in BOD into rivers and oceans can cause eutrophication and adversely impact biodiversity(82). The organic material in wastewater stimulates the growth of bacteria and fungi naturally present in water, which then consume dissolved oxygen(83). © 2023 Global Journals 1 Year 2023 32 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VII ( H ) An Overview on Engineering Bio-Treatment Methods for Effluent in Food Processing Industries