Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, H: Environment & Earth Science, Volume 23 Issue 5

Furthermore, the environmental CLD consist of five loops, of which four demonstrating balancing (B) behaviour and one reinforcing (R) behaviour detailed in table 2 below. Table 2: Environmental Dimensions Loops Loops Description of loops B1 production intensity (+) → wastewater (+) → wastewater treatment (+) → chemicals (-) → production intensity B2 production intensity (+) → wastewater (+) → wastewater treatment (+) → water (-) → production intensity B3 production intensity (+) → solid waste (+) → reuse (+) → raw material (-) → production intensity B4 production intensity (+) → solid waste (+) → recycle (+) → raw material (-) → production intensity R1 production intensity (+) → production cost (+) → competitive prices (+) → customers (+) → product demand (+) → production intensity The balancing loops B1 and B2 demonstrate that proper wastewater treatment can recover chemicals and water which can be reused as input, thus reducing water and chemical cost. Additionally, balancing loops B3 and B4 demonstrate that reuse and recycling practices of solid waste can reduce intake raw materials and decrease cost of production. Likewise, reinforcing loop R1 demonstrate that competitive prices depends on production cost. Competitive prices increase customers which in turn increase product demand, thus, growing the product intensity. However, reinforcing loop R1 has a rebound effect where competitive price would increase product demand, which would intensify production whereby more resources will be needed during production. Thus, affecting environmental performance and defeats the purpose of good operations practices, human resources productivity and machinery efficiency to decrease cost of production. b) Social Dimension The causal loop diagram (CLD) for the sustainable social practices are shown in figure 3 on the following page. The model demonstrated the challenges faced by organisations in order to achieve a sustainable social and governance performance. Organisational policies and practices are improved by enforcement of government laws and international standards. Long working hours, forced labour, discrimination, harassment and abuse in workplace is reduced which have negative effect on human resources productivity. Moreover, occupational health and safety cause increase health and well-being, which affects productivity positively. Likewise, collective bargaining increase compensation, which cause improvement in standard of living, which also have a positive effect on well-being thus, improving productivity. Training increases both awareness which improves standard of living and productivity. Health and well-being cause rise employee retention, which improve employee engagement. Sustainability performance is improved by both stakeholder engagement and employee engagement. However, the social CLD consist of two loops of reinforcing behaviour as shown in table 3 below. Table 3: Social Dimensions Loops Loops Description of loops R2 organisational policies (+) → training (+) → awareness (+) → grievance (+) → corrective preventive actions (+) → organisational policies R3 organisational policies (+) → audits & root cause analysis (+) → corrective preventive actions (+) → organisational policies Reinforcing loop R2 demonstrate that through policies, training can be delivered to employees which would increase their awareness. Thus, employees would participate in grievance where corrective or preventive actions will be taken upon investigation, also would update and improve the organisational policies and practices. Assessing the Sustainability Performance, the Food-Processing Industry through Causal Loop: A Mauritian Case Study © 2023 Global Journals 1 Year 2023 7 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VV ( H )